Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Revealed Changes in the Somatosensory and Motor Cortex of a Mild Relapsing-Remitting Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis Mouse Model: OAJBS Publishers

Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Revealed Changes in the Somatosensory and Motor Cortex of a Mild Relapsing-Remitting Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis Mouse Model by Nyoman D Kurniawan* in Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science (OAJBS)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is debilitating disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). MS pathology has been primarily associated with demyelination and neuroinflammation in the CNS white matter (WM) structures. Recently, clinical studies using high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have reported diffuse pathological changes observed in the grey matter (GM) regions. This study aims to investigate neurological changes underpinning disease development in mild experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mouse model of relapsing remitting MS using magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Relapsing-remitting EAE disease was induced in C57BL/6 mice using myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG35-55) emulsified in saponin (Quil-A) adjuvant and pertussis toxin. The animal clinical scores were monitored throughout the disease and prior to fixation at acute and chronic relapsing stages. Ex-vivo brain samples were imaged using conventional MRI and DWI at 16.4 Tesla. MRI relaxation and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters were evaluated to assess structural changes and the results were correlated with Black Gold II myelin staining. Acute EAE mice showed increases in mean and radial diffusivities within WM structures the corpus callosum, external capsule and hippocampal commissure. Chronic EAE mice showed extensive reductions in fractional anisotropy in vital GM structures such as the motor cortex, somatosensory area, and rostral hippocampal regions, as well as in part of the WM anterior cingulate and external capsule. DTI findings were confirmed by a notable reduction in myelin staining and correlated with adverse clinical scores in chronic animals. This study presented for the first time the use of ex-vivo ultra-high-field MRI to detect mild EAE pathology in GM somatosensory and motor cortex using DTI MRI, providing invaluable insight into neuropathological evolution during the relapsing-remitting disease.
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