Accurate Measurement of Both Main Components of Heart Rate Variability Can be Applied Routinely Clinically: OAJBS Publishers

Accurate Measurement of Both Main Components of Heart Rate Variability Can be Applied Routinely Clinically by Gary L Murray* in Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science (OAJBS)

One century ago, the critical role of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) in health and disease was prophesized. In 1990, Heart Rate Variability (HRV = Sympathetic-tone [S] + Parasympathetictone [P]) was 1st used in clinical cardiology. Emphasizing the reduction in HRV was associated with a poor prognosis in all major cardiovascular illness. In 2000, HRV was included in Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) risk stratification. There are over 350,000 SCDs/yr. in the USA. High S and critically low P are associated with increased mortality, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, congestive heart failure (CHF), and acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Two common autonomic dysfunctions are Sympathetic Withdrawal (SW, an abnormal alpha-adrenergic response to head-up postural change underlying Orthostatic dysfunction) and Parasympathetic Excess (PE, an abnormal cholinergic response to stress, amplifying the stress response, as in difficult to manage blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, hormone levels, or Anxiety syndromes). Both SW and PE contribute significantly to the worldwide pandemic of uncontrolled Hypertension (HTN). Both result in poor brain perfusion leading to an increase in resting BP as compensatory, an increase in resting BP that is largely resistant to anti-hypertensives. On average, only 35% of Hypertensives are well managed, increasing the mortality risk of 1.5 billion people with HTN [1-9]. And yet, ANS testing is very rarely used in patient management, probably mainly due to difficulty in directly measuring P. All non-invasive ANS measurements only measure total autonomic activity, resulting in assumptions and approximations of the independent contributions of S and P to total HRV. Since HRV= S + P, both S and P must be accurately identified.
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